Compact, easy to assemble, safety IV system

ABSTRACT

An improved IV system comprising one or more medication bags in which fluid is packaged, a safety IV catheter assembly for delivering fluid from medication bages to the patient, and a quick-disconnect fluid coupler by which fluid tubing from respective medication bags may be quickly and efficiently connected to fluid tubing associated with the catheter assembly. Each medication bag includes an integral flow control device and drip chamber by which to accurately and selectively regulate the rate at which fluid is supplied to the catheter assembly. The catheter assembly includes a detachable and disposable safety housing into which a solid core trocar can be withdrawn and shielded after making a veni puncture through the patient&#39;s tissue. The fluid coupler includes a pair of locking fingers that are rotated through respective locking perforations located adjacent the fluid tube to which the coupler is to be connected. A hollow fluid cannula extends from the coupler into the fluid tube so as to establish a flow path therebetween.

This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No.410,927 filed Sep. 22, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,078,699.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to an improved IV system that is characterized bya compact arrangement and reduced number of parts, improved efficiencyand ease of assembly, and enhanced safety so as to avoid the spread ofinfection as a consequence of treating a patient having a communicabledisease.

2. Background Art

IV systems are well known for use in hospitals and other medicalfacilities for delivering fluid from one or more medication bags to apatient by means of an IV catheter. However, conventional IV systems arecharacterized by several significant shortcomings For example,conventional systems are typically formed from a large assortment ofdiscrete parts and long fluid tubes which must be carefully assembledprior to use. A health care worker may encounter both difficulty andloss of time when completing the assembly, particularly when a number ofmedication bags and fluid tubes must be interconnected. Moreover, theuse of many discrete parts increases the cost as well as the complexityof the system. In addition, there is no reliable way known by which toprecisely regulate the rate at which fluid flows from a medication bagto an IV catheter. That is, the fluid flow rate from the medication bagmay fluctuate due to design flaws in existing drip chambers, or the flowrate available with existing drip chamber configurations may beinadequate to meet certain needs of the patient.

Another significant problem inherent with convention IV systems isaccidental needle sticks and the possible spread of a contagiousdisease, such as AIDS, hepatitis and the like. More particularly, asharp trocar is usually employed to make a veni puncture through thepatient's tissue so that an IV catheter can be placed into the patient'svein. After making the veni puncture, it is common to remove the trocarfor disposal in an unshielded condition. The careless handling and/ordisposal of such trocar could subject the health care worker to anaccidental needle stick and to possible infection.

What is more, when the trocar is removed, blood frequently rushesunchecked from the patient's vein through the catheter, before thecatheter can be connected to an IV fluid line. This condition, sometimesknown as blood backflash, can also expose the health care worker, aswe)1 as other patients, to infection as a consequence of treating apatient with a blood related disease.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In general terms, a compact, relatively easy to assemble, and enhancedsafety IV system is disclosed by which fluid can be delivered from oneor more fluid filled bags to a patient by way of a catheter assembly. Atleast one of the fluid bags includes an integral flow control device anddrip chamber so that the rate at which fluid is delivered to thecatheter assembly can be accurately and selectively regulated. A fluidtube extends between a fluid filled bladder of the medication bag andthe integral drip chamber. In general terms, the flow control deviceincludes means by which to apply a compressive force to said fluid tubeto thereby vary the cross-sectional flow area thereof. That is, the rateat which fluid flows through the tube can be selectively adjusted from amaximum rate, at which the compressive force is removed so that the tubeis completely open to fluid flow, to a minimum rate, at which thecompressive force is maximized so that the tube is closed to fluid flow.More particularly, and by way of a preferred embodiment, the flowcontrol device includes a rotatable pressure regulating knob having apressure inducing stem projecting therefrom in spaced alignment with thefluid tube to be controlled. As the pressure regulating knob is rotated,the pressure inducing stem is moved axially towards and into contactwith the fluid tube. The cross-sectional flow area of the fluid tube isadjusted by rotating the knob and thereby causing a correspondingmovement of the stem relative to the tube.

The IV catheter assembly includes a disposable safety housing and aremovable trocar which is to be relocated from an axially extendedposition, at which to make a veni puncture through the patient's tissue,to a retracted position within the safety housing, where said trocar iscompletely surrounded and safely shielded. The safety housing isdetached from the catheter assembly and disposed with the trocarrendered inaccessible therein. Accordingly, handling of the trocar iseliminated, whereby an accidental needle stick and the spread ofcontagious disease, as a consequence thereof, can be advantageouslyavoided.

A unique fluid coupler is also disclosed by which the fluid tubing ofthe presently described IV system can be quickly and easilyinterconnected. The coupler includes a pair of oppositely disposedlocking fingers that are rotatable through respective lockingperforations so that a hollow fluid cannula of the coupler will bereceived within a fluid tube with which a flow path is to beestablished. The locking perforations are located in a support platen inwhich the fluid tube is formed. The support platen may be an integralpart of either a medication bag or a fluid manifold having a pluralityof such fluid tubes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a conventional IV system;

FIG. 2 shows the compact, easy to assemble and safety IV system of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 shows a fluid medication bag from the IV system of FIG. 2 havinga flow control device that is formed in accordance with a preferredembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the flow control device from the fluidmedication bag shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a cross-section taken along lines 5--5 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 illustrates a unique quick-disconnect fluid coupler by whichfluid lines of the IV system of FIG. 2 may be efficientlyinterconnected;

FIG. 7 shows a fluid medication bag having a fluid flow control devicethat is formed in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 is a cross-section taken along lines 8--8 of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 shows the flow control device of FIG. 8 in a locked condition toprevent fluid flow;

FIG. 10 shows a fluid medication bag having a fluid flow control devicethat is formed in accordance with another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 11-14 illustrate the operation of the flow control device of FIG.10 for regulating the rate at which fluid flows from the medication bagof FIG. 10 from a minimum to a maximum flow rate;

FIG. 15 shows a fluid medication bag having a fluid flow control devicethat is formed in accordance with yet another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 16 is a cross-section taken along lines 16--16 of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is a side view of the medication bag of FIG. 15;

FIG. 18 is an enlargement of a detail illustrated in FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 shows a fluid medication bag having a fluid flow control devicethat is formed in accordance with still another embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 20 is a cross-section taken along lines 20--20 of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 illustrates the flow control device of FIG. 20 rotated to alocked position so as to control the rate at which fluid flows from themedication bag of FIG. 19;

FIG. 22 shows a relatively rigid fluid medication bag that may besubstituted for the medication bag of FIG. 3;

FIG. 23 is a side view of the medication bag of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 shows a fluid manifold by which a plurality of fluid tubes fromthe presently disclosed IV system may be easily and efficientlyinterconnected;

FIG. 25 shows an enlargement of a detail illustrated in FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a safety IV catheter assembly that is formed in accordancewith a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 shows an enlargement of a detail illustrated in FIG. 26;

FIGS. 28-31 illustrate the operation of the safety IV catheter assemblyof FIG. 27;

FIG. 32 shows a safety IV catheter assembly that is formed in accordancewith an alternate embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a side view of the catheter assembly of FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a cross-section taken along lines 34--34 of FIG. 32; and

FIGS. 35-37 illustrate the operation of the safety IV catheter assemblyof FIGS. 32-34.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 of the drawings shows a conventional IV system. Such aconventional system comprises a primary medication bag 1 including atypically soft, flexible platen 2 which surrounds and supports a fluidfilled bladder 4. The bladder 4 communicates with and supplies fluid toa catheter 6 by way of a main IV fluid line 8. Connected into main fluidline 8 to control the volume and rate of fluid flow are a discrete dripchamber 10 and a discrete flow control device 12. For purposes ofillustration, the IV system of FIG. 1 also includes a plurality of (e.g.three) secondary medication bags 13-15, each having a respective fluidfilled bladder 17-19. Discrete drip chambers 21-23 and flow controldevices 25-27 are located in respective secondary fluid lines 29-31.Each secondary fluid line 29-31 is fluidically coupled to the main fluidline 8 by way of conventional Y-connectors 33-35. As should be apparent,the conventional IV system of FIG. 1 consists of many discrete parts andlong fluid lines which increase the cost and complexity of the system.Moreover, the conventional system of FIG. 1 may also prove to berelatively difficult and time-consuming to assemble.

FIG. 2 of the drawings shows the safety IV system which forms apreferred embodiment of the present invention and which is characterizedby a relatively few number of parts, a lower overall cost, improvedsafety, and simplicity of assembly, as compared to the conventionalsystem of FIG. 1. The safety IV system of the present invention includesa primary medication bag 40 having a soft flexible platen 42 whichsurrounds and supports a fluid filled bladder 44. Coextensively formedwithin and projecting distally from platen 42 is a relatively narrowplaten appendage 43. The bladder 44 communicates with a soon to bedescribed anti-blood flashback catheter assembly 46 by way of a main IVfluid line 48. Unlike the medication bag of FIG. 1, the primarymedication bag 40 of FIG. 2 includes an integral (as opposed todiscrete) flow control means and drip chamber 50 and 52, the details ofwhich will be described in greater detail hereinafter. Moreover, themain IV fluid line 48 includes a unique, quick-disconnect fluid coupler54, the details of which will also soon be described, by which toquickly and easily interconnect the main fluid line 48 with the dripchamber 52 of primary medication bag 40 so that a carefully regulatedand reliably controlled volume of fluid can be supplied from bladder 44to catheter assembly 46.

The safety IV system of FIG. 2 also includes a plurality of secondarymedication bags 56-58, each containing a respective fluid filled bladder60-62, integral flow control means 64-66, and integral drip chambers68-70. Secondary fluid lines 72-74 include the aforementionedquick-disconnect fluid coupler 54 molded onto opposite ends thereof sothat said secondary fluid lines may be interconnected between dripchambers 68-70 of respective secondary medication bags 56-58 and themain IV fluid line 48. That is, and as will be described in greaterdetail when referring to FIG. 3, by virtue of fluid coupler 54, thesecondary fluid lines 72-74 are quickly and easily connected in fluidcommunication with main IV fluid line 48 through an efficient array offluid tubes that are integrally molded into the platen appendage 43 ofprimary medication bag 40, whereby the Y-connectors and long secondaryfluid lines common to the conventional IV system of FIG. 1 areeliminated.

Details of the flow control means 50 and drip chamber 52 which areintegral to the medication bag 40 of the safety IV system of the presentinvention are now described. According to the preferred embodiment ofthe invention and referring concurrently to FIGS. 3-5 of the drawings,flow control means 50 includes a pressure regulating knob 78 and anoppositely disposed pressure regulating base 80. The pressure regulatingknob 78 includes a downwardly extending pressure inducing stem 82 ofsolid cross section. Pressure regulating knob 78 also includes a screwthreaded peripheral lip 84 extending downwardly therefrom to surroundstem 82. Projecting upwardly from the pressure regulating base 80 offlow control means 50 is a pair of spaced, arcuate shaped screw threadedlocating elements 85 and 86.

In the assembled relationship of FIG. 5, the arcuate shaped locatingelements 85 and 86 of base 80 extend through corresponding arcuateshaped slots 87 and 88 formed in the flexible platen 42 of medicationbag 40. As is best shown in FIG. 4, slots 87 and 88 are formed throughplaten 42 at opposite sides of a proximal drip chamber lumen 90 whichextends between and communicates fluidically with bladder 44 and dripchamber 52. Accordingly, the screw threaded locating elements 85 and 86from the base 80 of flow control means 50 are received within and matedto the screw threaded peripheral lip 84 of knob 78 with the proximaldrip chamber lumen 90 being received in the space between locatingelements 85 and 86 and positioned immediately below stem 82.

In operation, a clockwise rotation of the pressure regulating knob 78 offlow control means 50 relative to the pressure regulating base 80 causesa corresponding movement of the pressure inducing stem 80 towards andinto contact with drip chamber lumen 90 so as to compress said lumen.That is to say, as knob 78 is rotated in the clockwise direction, lumen90 is compressed by stem 82 from a fully open to a completely closedcross section, whereby to regulate the rate at which fluid flows frombladder 44 to main IV fluid line 48 via said lumen. To this end, theplaten 42 of medication bag 40 contains printed indicia or calibrationmarkings (best shown in FIG. 3) by which to indicate different positionsto which pressure regulating knob 78 can be rotated for successivelyincreasing the compressive force applied by stem 82 to lumen 90. As thecompressive force increases, the cross sectional flow area of lumen 90is correspondingly decreased from a first position of pressureregulating knob 78 (designated "3") where the flow rate through lumen 90is maximized to a last position of knob 78 (designated OFF) at whichfluid flow through lumen 90 is completely blocked.

By virtue of flow control means 50, a health care worker will be able toprecisely regulate the rate at which fluid flows through proximal dripchamber lumen 90 from bladder 44. Of course, a counter-clockwiserotation of pressure regulating knob 78 relative to pressure regulatingbase 80 will increase the cross sectional flow area of lumen 90 andthereby increase the rate at which fluid flows from bladder 44 untillumen 90 is fully open and the flow rate therethrough is, once again,maximized.

The drip chamber 52 of medication bag 40 includes a hollow body havingspaced, parallel aligned support grooves extending therearound (bestshown in FIG. 3). Drip chamber 52 is integrally molded into the platen42 of medication bag 40 between the proximal drip chamber lumen 90 and adistal drip chamber lumen 92 so as to efficiently regulate the rate atwhich fluid is delivered from bladder 44 to main IV fluid line 48.

The one piece, quick-disconnect fluid coupler 54 is best described whilereferring to FIGS. 3 and 6 of the drawings. Fluid coupler 54 ispreferably injection molded from a relatively rigid plastic material andincludes a generally hollow body 94 that is open at one end andsubstantially closed at the opposite end. Extending upwardly from thecoupler body 94 is a pair of spaced, parallel aligned arms 96. Each arm96 terminates with a arcuate, perpendicularly projecting locking finger98 and a downwardly extending locking flange 100. Projecting upwardlyfrom the closed end of coupler body 94 and coaxially aligned with thearcuately shaped locking fingers 98 thereof is a hollow fluid cannula102. One end of the main IV fluid line 48 is integrally connected (e.g.molded) to cannula 102 through the closed end of coupler body 94 so thata continuous fluid path can be established from fluid coupler 54, atcannula 102, to the IV catheter assembly (designated 46 in FIG. 2) byway of main IV fluid line 48.

A pair of spaced, parallel aligned locking perforations 104 are formedthrough platen appendage 43. Distal drip chamber lumen 92 communicatesfluidically with a hollow cannula receptacle 106 that is molded intoplaten appendage 43. Cannula receptacle 106 includes an elastomericsleeve 108 which is heat sealed therewithin so as to receive the cannula102 of fluid coupler 54 to thereby enhance the fluid transfer efficiencybetween said coupler and cannula receptacle 106.

In operation, fluid coupler 54 is removably connected to the cannulareceptacle 106 of medication bag 40 to complete a fluid path betweenbladder 44 and main IV fluid line 48 (via proximal drip chamber lumen90, drip chamber 52 and distal drip chamber lumen 92). Moreparticularly, the cannula 102 of fluid coupler 54 is inserted into theelastomeric sleeve 108 of cannula receptacle 106, and the arms 96 ofcoupler 54 are rotated (in the direction of the reference arrows of FIG.6), such that locking fingers 98 are received through respective lockingperforations 104 in the platen appendage 43. With the fingers 98 ofcoupler 54 located through perforations 104 and cannula 102 receivedwithin elastomeric sleeve 108, the locking flanges 100 of fingers 98project downwardly relative to the perforations 104 to block aninadvertent counter-rotation of said fingers and a removal of cannula102 from cannula receptacle 106. However, by simply lifting upwardly onthe body 94 of coupler 54, the locking flanges 100 may be aligned withlocking perforations 104 to permit locking fingers 98 to be rotated outof the perforations 104 in platen appendage 43, whereby cannula 102 canbe removed from the elastomeric sleeve 108 of cannula receptacle 106 bywhich fluid coupler 54 is quickly disconnected from the medication bag40.

As is best shown in FIG. 3 and as was previously described whenreferring to FIG. 2, any suitable number of cannula receptacles 106 canbe integrally molded into the platen appendage 43 of primary medicationbag 40. Each cannula receptacle 106 includes a respective fluid tubewhich is interconnected with either distal drip chamber lumen 92 (asshown) or with proximal drip chamber lumen 90. Thus, the fluidmedication from a plurality of secondary medication bags (designated56-58 in FIG. 2) may be conveniently delivered to the main IV fluid line48 by merely connecting the fluid couplers 54 associated with thesecondary fluid lines (designated 72-74 in FIG. 2) to the elastomericsleeves 108 of corresponding cannula receptacles 106 at the platenappendage 43 of primary medication bag 40. By virtue of thequick-disconnect nature of the fluid coupler 54 and cannula receptacle106 described herein, a compact IV system is available which may beeasily assembled with less likelihood that the associated array of fluidtubing might become tangled or hooked onto the surroundings in the eventthat the primary medication bag 40 is moved.

A self-adhering identification strip 110 is located on the platen 42 ofmedication bag 40. Strip 110 includes a tear-off portion 111 which maybe removed from platen 42 and adhesively affixed around the body of anassociated fluid coupler 54 (best shown in FIG. 24). By printingsuitable indicia on the identification strip 110 and its tear-offportion 111, health care workers will have a reliable way to verify theinterconnection of the fluid lines from the medication bags of the IVsystem and thereby assure that intended medication from each bag isbeing delivered at a proper location within the system.

FIGS. 7-9 of the drawings illustrate fluid flow control means 112 thatis formed in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the presentinvention. Like the flow control means 50 of FIGS. 3-5, flow controlmeans 112 is integral to a flexible medication bag 40-1 and is locatedbetween the fluid filled bladder 44-1 of said bag 40-1 and a proximaldrip chamber lumen 90-1 of drip chamber 52-1 so as to accuratelyregulate the rate at which fluid flows from bladder 44-1 into dripchamber 52-1. The flow control means 112 of FIGS. 7-9 includes aplurality of (e.g. three) identical flow control devices 114 that areassociated with respective fluid tubes 122. Therefore, only a singleflow control device 114 will now be described.

Flow control device 114 includes a pair of outwardly extending, parallelaligned pressure release hubs 116 that are integrally connected to andsupported by a relatively rigid bottom pressure control plate 118.Bottom pressure control plate 118 is common to the hubs 116 from each ofthe plurality of flow control devices 114. Spaced above the bottompressure control plate 118 so as to surround respective pairs of hubs116 are a plurality of pressure control discs 120. The pressure controldiscs 120 of flow control means 112 are spaced axially from andinterconnected with one another by means of a relatively narrow,flexible strip 130. By virtue of the flexible strip 130, selective onesof the pressure control discs 120 may be depressed by a health careworker and moved towards the bottom pressure control plate 118 for anadvantage that will soon be described.

Fluid tubes 122 extend from bladder 44-1 to communicate with proximaldrip chamber lumen 90-1 at a common fluid connection therewith. Eachfluid tube 122 is bifurcated into a pair of fluid paths 124-1 and 124-2at each of the flow control devices 114. More particularly, thebifurcated fluid paths 124-1 and 124-2 are of semi-circularconfiguration and extend between the bottom plate 118 and top disc 120of each flow control device 114. A pair of raised locating nubs 125extend upwardly from bottom pressure control plate 118 to receiverespective bifurcated fluid paths 124-1 and 124-2. As will soon bedescribed, the pressure control disc 120 can be moved towards and lockedagainst the bottom pressure control plate 118 to compress fluid paths124-1 and 124-2 and thereby control the rate at which fluid flows frombladder 44-1 to drip chamber 52-1.

Each pressure release hub 116 includes a radially outward extendinglower locking detent 126 and a radially outwardly extending upperlocking detent 128. In the unlocked condition of FIG. 8, pressurecontrol disc 120 is spaced above bottom control plate 118 and retainedbetween the lower and upper locking detents 126 and 128 of pressurerelease hubs 116. At the same time that the lower plate and upper disc118 and 120 are spaced from one another, each of the bifurcated fluidpaths 124-1 and 124-2 are open so that fluid may be delivered frombladder 44-1 to proximal drip chamber lumen 90-1 at the maximum flowrate.

In FIG. 9, a downward pushing force is manually applied to the pressurecontrol disc 120, whereby to advance disc 120 from the unlockedcondition (shown in phantom) spaced above pressure control plate 118 tothe locked condition adjacent said plate 118. The pressure control disc120 is retained by lower locking detent 126 in close proximity to thepressure control plate 118 such that each of the bifurcated fluid paths124-1 and 124-2 of fluid tube 122 is compressed between top disc 120 andthe locating nubs 125 of bottom plate 118, whereby the cross sectionalflow area of fluid paths 124-1 and 124-2 is reduced to zero. Therefore,it may be appreciated that fluid flow through a fluid tube 122 can beblocked between bladder 44-1 and proximal drip chamber lumen 90-1 byselectively locking the corresponding flow control device 114 of flowcontrol means 112.

Should it be desirable to restore fluid flow through the previouslycompressed fluid paths 124-1 and 124-2 of fluid tube 122, equal andopposite forces are manually applied to the opposing pair of pressurerelease hubs 116 of fluid control device 114, whereby to cause said hubsto rotate towards one another. As hubs 116 are rotated together (shownin phantom in FIG. 9), the lower locking detents 126 are correspondinglymoved out of engagement with the pressure control disc 120 so that disc120 will automatically return to the unlocked condition of FIG. 8. Forthis purpose, it is preferable to make the upper locking detent 128radially longer than lower locking detent 126 so that disc 120 will onceagain be retained in the unlocked condition between locking detents 126and 128. What is more, a spring 132 may be located between lower plate118 and upper disc 120 so as to bias disc 120 away from plate 118 andtowards the unlocked condition of FIG. 8 when pressure release hubs 116are rotated together to release said disc from the locked condition ofFIG. 9.

By virtue of the foregoing fluid control means 112, any number of thefluid control devices 114 can be selectively manipulated so that fourdifferent flow rates may be achieved. That is to say, all of the flowcontrol devices 114 may either be in the unlocked condition (wherebyfluid paths 124-1 and 124-2 are open) as shown in FIG. 8 or the lockedcondition (whereby fluid paths 124-1 and 124-2 are closed) as shown inFIG. 9, so that fluid delivered to drip chamber 52-1 flows at either themaximum rate or at zero rate, respectively. Likewise, any one or any twoof the flow control devices 114 may be selectively activated and lockedto successively decrease the flow rate below that which is possible whenall of the flow control devices 114 are unlocked and the fluid paths124-1 and 124-2 are open.

As best shown in FIG. 7, a cannula receptacle 106-1 (similar to thatdescribed when referring to FIG. 3) is molded into the distal appendage43-1 of platen 42-1 of medication bag 40-1 to permit a quick-disconnectfluid coupler (designated 54 in FIG. 6) to be mated thereto in a mannerpreviously described so that fluid may be delivered from bladder 44-1 toan IV catheter (not shown) by way of the main IV fluid line (also notshown).

FIGS. 10-14 of the drawings illustrate a fluid flow control means 136that is formed in accordance with another embodiment of the presentinvention. Flow control means 136 is integral to a flexible medicationbag 40-2 and is adapted to permit a health care worker to selectivelyand accurately control the rate at which fluid flows from the fluidfilled bladder 44-2 of bag 40-2 to a drip chamber 52-2 that isintegrally molded into the supporting platen 42-2 of said medicationbag. Flow control means 136 includes a flexible fluid tube 138 that ismolded into the platen 42-2 of medication bag 40-2. The proximal end oftube 138 communicates with bladder 44-2 and the distal end of said tubecommunicates with drip chamber 52-2 A portion of fluid tube 138 betweenthe proximal and distal ends thereof is curved. A V-shaped flowregulator 140 cooperates with and rotates relative to the curved portionof fluid tube 138 to selectively control the rate at which fluid flowstherethrough.

Flow regulator 140 includes a pair of opposing flow control surfaces 142between which the curved portion of fluid tube 138 is received. Firstends of flow control surfaces 142 are joined together and extend throughan opening formed in the platen 42-2, such that the flow controlsurfaces 142 are located at opposite sides of said platen. A pair ofreinforcing rings 144 surrounds the opening at opposite sides of theplaten 42-2 to provide support for the flow control surfaces 142 andpermit flow regulator 140 to rotate relative to fluid tube 138.

As is best shown in FIG. 10, the platen 42-2 of medication bag 40-2contains printed indicia or calibration markings by which to indicatedifferent positions along curved fluid tube 138 to which flow regulator140 can be rotated for increasing or decreasing the cross sectional flowarea of tube 138 so as to accurately and selectively control the rate atwhich fluid flows from bladder 44-2 to drip chamber 52-2. To this end,it is important to note that, because of the progressively widerseparation between the opposing flow control surfaces 142 of V-shapedflow regulator 140, the compressive force to which the curved fluid tube138 is subjected between flow control surfaces 142 will vary dependingupon the position to which regulator 140 is rotated relative to the tube138.

More particularly, the flow regulator 140 can be located at a firstposition (designated OFF in FIG. 10) by which the curved fluid tube 138is located closest to the intersection of opposing flow control surfaces142 (best shown in FIG. 11). Because of the V-shaped configuration offlow regulator 140, the distance between the opposing flow controlsurfaces 142 is minimized at the OFF position of regulator 140, wherebythe compressive force applied to fluid tube 138 by surfaces 140 ismaximized so as to reduce the cross-sectional flow area of tube 138 tozero and thereby completely block the flow of fluid therethrough.

With the flow control regulator rotated to a second position (designated"1" in FIG. 10), the curved fluid tube 138 will be located forward ofthe intersection of opposing flow control surfaces 142 (best shown inFIG. 12). Hence, the compressive force applied to fluid tube 138 byopposing flow control surfaces 142 is reduced (relative to the OFFposition of regulator 140) to increase the cross-sectional flow area ofsaid tube 138 and thereby permit fluid to flow therethrough to dripchamber 52-2.

With the flow control regulator 140 rotated to a third position(designated "2" in FIG. 10), the curved fluid tube 138 will be locatedfurther from the intersection of opposing flow control surfaces 142(best shown in FIG. 13). Hence, the compressive force applied to fluidtube 138 by flow control surfaces 142 is further reduced in the thirdposition (relative to the second position of regulator 140) to stillfurther increase the cross-sectional flow area of said tube 138 and,thereby, increase the rate at which fluid flows therethrough to dripchamber 52-2.

With the flow control regulator 140 rotated to a forth position (shownin phantom and designated "3" in FIG. 10), the curved fluid tube 138will be located farthest away from the intersection of opposing flowcontrol surfaces 142 such that the distance between said flow controlsurfaces 142 is maximized (best shown in FIG. 14). Accordingly, thecompressive force applied to fluid tube 138 by flow control surfaces 142is removed and the cross-sectional flow area of tube 138 is maximized,whereby to correspondingly maximize the rate at which fluid flowsthrough said tube to drip chamber 52-2.

A total of four flow positions are illustrated in FIG. 10 to which flowregulator 140 can be selectively rotated to vary the flow rate throughcurved fluid tube 138 from zero (at the OFF position) to maximum (at the"3" position). However, the four positions illustrated are not to beregarded as a limitation of this embodiment, and any number of positionsmay be printed onto the platen 42-2 of medication bag 40-2. As will beapparent to those skilled in the art, by increasing the number of flowpositions to which flow regulator 140 can be successively rotated, ahealth care worker will be provided with the ability to more accuratelyand controllably regulate the rate at which fluid flows between bladder44-2 and the drip chamber 42-2. What is more, and as is best shown inFIG. 10, a previously described cannula receptacle 106-2 is molded intothe distal appendage of platen 42-2 of medication bag 40-2 so that aquick disconnect fluid coupler (designated 54 in FIG. 6) may be matedthereto in order to deliver fluid from bladder 44-2 to an IV catheter byway of the main IV fluid line.

FIGS. 15-18 of the drawings illustrate a fluid flow control means 150that is formed in accordance with yet another embodiment of the presentinvention. Flow control means 150 is integral to a flexible medicationbag 40-3 and is adapted to permit a health care worker to selectivelyand accurately control the rate at which fluid flows from the fluidfilled bladder 44-3 of bag 40-3 to a drip chamber 52-3 that isintegrally molded into the supporting platen 42-3 of said medicationbag. Flow control means 150 includes a plurality of (e.g. three)flexible fluid tubes 152, 153 and 154 that are molded into the platen42-3 of medication bag 40-3. The proximal ends of tubes 152-154communicate with bladder 44-3, and the distal ends of said tubescommunicate with drip chamber 52-3 by way of a common proximal dripchamber lumen 90-3 that is also molded into platen 42-3. Each of thefluid tubes 152-154 extends between the bladder 44-3 and lumen 90-3 at aparticular skewed (i.e. non parallel) alignment relative to one anotherfor a purpose that will be described in greater detail hereinafter.

Flow control means 150 also includes a relatively flat flow control bar158 which cooperates with and is slidable axially relative to the fluidtubes 152-154 so that the flow of fluid through said tubes can beselectively controlled. More particularly, and as is shown in FIG. 16,flow control bar 158 includes a top pressure control surface 160 and anopposing bottom support surface 162. The top and bottom surfaces 160 and162 of flow control bar 158 are spaced from one another with the platen42-3 of medication bag 40-3 located therebetween. Top and bottomsurfaces 160 and 162 are integrally connected together through a pair ofparallel aligned slots 164 that are formed in opposite sides of platen42-3. The flow control bar 158 is attached to medication bag 40-3 so asto ride through slots 164. Accordingly, the top pressure control surface160 of flow control bar 158 will slide over the front of platen 42-3 (incontact with the fluid tubes 152-154 that are molded therein), and thebottom support surface 162 of bar 158 will slide over the back of platen42-3. As will soon be described, the rate of fluid flow from bladder44-3 to drip chamber 52-3 is dependent upon the position of flow controlbar 152 relative to fluid tubes 152-154.

Coextensively formed with and projecting inwardly from the top pressurecontrol surface 160 of flow control bar 158 is a series of laterallyspaced pressure bumps 166, 167, 168, 169 and 170. As an important detailof the present embodiment, the pressure pumps 166-170 are provided withparticular sizes and locations along pressure control surface 160 so asto be adapted to engage respective ones of the fluid tubes 152-154 asflow control bar 158 moves axially over said tubes. That is to say, apre-determined relationship exists between the location of the bumps166-170 on the top pressure control surface 160 of flow control bar 158and the location of the fluid tubes 152-154 in platen 42-3, whereby tocontrol the fluid flow through said tubes depending upon the location offlow control bar 158 at platen 42-3 and the corresponding location ofpressure bumps 166-170 relative to respective fluid tubes 152-154.

As is best shown in FIG. 15, the platen 42-3 of medication bag 40-3contains printed indicia or calibration markings by which to indicatedifferent positions along platen 42-3 to which flow control bar 158 canbe moved (i.e. by sliding said bar 158 downwardly through slots 164 inthe direction of the reference arrow 172 of FIG. 17) to either open orclose all or some of fluid tubes 152-154 and thereby regulate the rateat which fluid flows via said tubes from bladder 44-3 to drip chamber52-3. Flow control bar 158 is shown in FIG. 15 located at a firstposition on platen 42-3 (designated OFF) by which certain ones of theraised pressure bumps from the top pressure control surface 160 of bar158 close each of the fluid tubes 152-154. That is, in the OFF position,pressure bump 166 engages and compresses fluid tube 152, bump 167engages and compresses fluid tube 153, and bump 170 engages andcompresses fluid tube 154 (best shown in FIG. 16). Accordingly, eachfluid tube 152-154 of flow control means 150 is engaged and compressedby a respective raised pressure bump 166, 167 and 170 from the toppressure control surface 160 of flow control bar 158, such that thecross-sectional flow area of said tubes is reduced to zero and the flowof fluid through each of said tubes is completely blocked.

By moving flow control bar 158 downwardly through slots 164 to a secondposition along platen 42-3 (shown in phantom in FIG. 15 and designated"1"), fluid is permitted to flow from bladder 44-3 to drip chamber 52-3.That is, and in the second position, pressure bumps 166 and 167 willcompress and close fluid tubes 152 and 153, respectively, whereby toblock the flow of fluid therethrough. However, fluid tube 154 will nowbe open in the second position of flow control bar 158 to permit fluidto flow therethrough at a rate which is proportional to thecross-sectional flow area thereof.

By moving flow control bar 158 downwardly through slots 154 to a thirdposition along platen 42-3 (shown in phantom in FIG. 15 and designated"3"), pressure bumps 166 and 169 will compress and close fluid tubes 152and 154, respectively, whereby to block the flow of fluid therethrough.However, fluid tube 153 will now be open in the third position of flowcontrol bar 158 to permit fluid to flow therethrough.

By moving flow control bar 158 downwardly through slots 164 to a forthposition along platen 42-3 (shown in phantom in FIG. 15 and designated"3"), pressure bumps 168 and 169 will compress and close fluid tubes 153and 154, respectively, to block the flow of fluid therethrough. However,fluid tube 152 will now be open in the fourth position of flow controlbar 158 to permit fluid to flow therethrough.

It is to be understood that the fluid flow control device 150 of thisembodiment could be formed to include more than the four flow controlpositions shown in FIG. 15. Thus, any two or all three of the fluidtubes 152-154 could be selectively opened to increase the rate at whichfluid flows between bladder 44-3 and drip chamber 52-3. Moreover, thediameter of fluid tubes 152-154 (and the corresponding cross-sectionalflow areas thereof) may vary relative to one another so as to achievesuccessively increasing flow rates in the second, third and forthpositions of flow control bar 158. What is more, it should be apparentthat the flow control bar 158 can also be moved upwardly along platen42-3 (in an opposite direction to that indicated by reference arrow 172in FIG. 17) when it is desirable to decrease or block the flow of fluidfrom bladder 44-3 to drip chamber 52-3. What is still more, and as isbest shown in FIG. 15, a previously described cannula receptacle 106-3is molded into the distal appendage of the platen 42-3 of medication bag40-3 so that a quick-disconnect fluid coupler (designated 54 in FIG. 6)may be mated thereto so that fluid can be delivered from bladder 44-3 toan IV catheter by way of the main IV fluid line.

FIGS. 19-21 of the drawings illustrate a fluid flow control means 176that is formed in accordance with a further embodiment of the presentinvention. Flow control means 176 is integral to a flexible medicationbag 40-4 and is adapted to permit a health care worker to selectivelyand accurately control the rate at which fluid flows from the fluidfilled bladder 44-4 of a bag 40-4 to a drip chamber 52-4 that isintegrally molded into the supporting platen 42-4 of said medicationbag. Flow control means 176 includes a plurality of (e.g. three)flexible fluid tubes 178, 179 and 180 that are molded into the platen42-4 of medication bag 40-4. The proximal ends of fluid tubes 178-180communicate with bladder 44-4, and the distal ends of said tubescommunicate with drip chamber 52-4 by way of a common proximal dripchamber lumen 90-4 which is also molded into platen 42-4. Drip chamberlumen 52-4 communicates with a previously described cannula receptacle106-4 by way of a distal drip chamber lumen 92-4.

Each of the fluid tubes 178-180 includes a curved (e.g. semi-circular)portion 182, 183 and 184, the advantage of which will soon he described.The curved portions 182-184 of fluid tubes 178-180 are interfaced withrespective pressure control flaps 186 that permit a health care workerto selectively open or close said fluid tubes to the flow of fluidtherethrough. First ends of pressure control flaps 186 are receivedwithin respective openings 190 that are formed through the platen 42-4of medication bag 40-4. The opposite ends of the pressure control flaps186 are integrally and pivotally connected to the platen 42-4, such thatsaid flaps are rotatable from a first position (shown in FIGS. 19 and20), lying flat within the openings 190 of said platen at which each ofthe fluid tubes 178-180 is open to permit maximum fluid flow, to asecond position (shown in FIG. 21) at which said flaps 186 are removedfrom openings 190 and folded tightly around respective fluid tubes178-180, whereby said tubes will be compressed and closed to the flow offluid therethrough.

Flow control means 176 also includes pairs of complementary fasteners bywhich to releasably secure one or more of the pressure control flaps 186in the aforementioned folded position around respective fluid tubes178-180. More particularly, a female catch 192 is affixed to eachpressure control flap 186 at one side of curved tubes 182-184, and amale snap 194 is affixed to platen 42-4 at the opposite side of curvedtubes 178-180. Thus, when it is desirable to block the flow through aparticular one of the fluid tubes 178-180, a health care worker rotatesthe corresponding pressure control flap 186 out of its opening 190 inplaten 42-4 and folds said flap tightly around the curved portion (e.g.184) of the particular fluid tube (e.g. 180), the flow through which isto be controlled. As is best shown in FIG. 21, the female catch 192 ofpressure control flap 186 is connected to the male snap 194 of platen42-4, whereby to releasably retain the flap 186 in its foldedconfiguration around the fluid tube 180 to thereby compress the curvedportion 184 and reduce the cross-sectional flow area to zero so as tocompletely block the flow of fluid therethrough. By providing fluid tube180 with a curved portion 184 around which pressure control flap 186 maybe folded, both the pressure generated by flap 186 and the compressiveforce applied to said curved portion can be maximized, whereby toreliably block the flow of fluid through tube 180.

It should be apparent that the pressure control flaps 186 associatedwith some, all or none of the fluid tubes 178-180 may be rotated andreleasably retained in the folded configuration of FIG. 21. Moreover,the diameters (i.e. cross-sectional areas) of the tubes 178-180 may varyrelative to one another to permit the health care worker greater controlin selectively and accurately regulating the rate at which fluid flowsfrom bladder 44-4 into the drip chamber 52-4 of medication bag 40-4.

The medication bags which have been described above when referring toFIGS. 1-21 are characterized by a relatively flexible platen whichsurrounds and provides support for a flexible fluid filled bladderAccordingly, the flexible bladder of these previously describedmedication bags collapses under atmospheric pressure to force fluidoutwardly therefrom for delivery to an integral drip chamber. FIGS. 22and 23 of the drawings illustrates a medication bag 200 which includes ahard plastic platen 202 to surround and support a relatively rigid,fluid filled compartment 204. Because of its rigid, inflexibleconstruction, fluid compartment 204 will not collapse under atmosphericpressure as fluid drains therefrom. Therefore, in order to cause fluidto flow outwardly from compartment 204, medication bag 200 is providedwith a hollow vent 208 in which a removable plug 206 is located. Vent208 extends through platen 202 and communicates with the interior offluid filled compartment 204. A filter 210 may be located within vent208 to preserve the sterility of the fluid within compartment 204. Thus,when the plug 206 is removed from vent 208, filtered air from thesurrounding atmosphere will have a path through which to fillcompartment 204 and displace the fluid which is originally storedtherein.

Medication bag 200 is also provided with a suitable flow control meansto enable a health care worker to selectively control the rate at whichfluid flows from compartment 204 to the drip chamber. For purposes ofillustration, only, the flow control means 50 which was previouslydisclosed when referring to FIGS. 3-5 is shown carried by platen 202 andlocated between fluid compartment 204 and drip chamber 52. Moreover, thedrip chamber 52 and a cannula receptacle 106, with which drip chamber 52communicates, may be integrally molded into the platen 202 of medicationbag 200 and used in a manner that was previously described whenreferring to FIG. 3.

A removable lid 212 is snap fit into an opening at the top of the rigidfluid compartment 204. Lid 212 can be removed from compartment 204should it be desirable to refill said compartment with fluid. In thealternative, the lid 212 can be removed so that disposable IV systemcomponents may be safely stored within compartment 204 after the fluidhas been drained therefrom. In this case, the empty fluid compartmentserves as a Sharp's container to permit disposable medical debris to besafely handled and discarded within an enclosed housing.

In FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings, a compact, efficient IV system wasshown including a primary medication bag 40 and a plurality of secondarymedication bags (designated 56-58 in FIG. 2) that are fluidicallyconnected to medication bag 40 by means of the attachment of quickdisconnect fluid couplers 54 associated with each of the secondarymedication bags to respective receptacles 106 molded into the platen 42of primary medication bag 40. However, the multi-receptacle platen 42 ofFIGS. 2 and 3 may be replaced by the multi-receptacle manifold 216illustrated in FIG. 24 of the drawings. That is to say, instead ofconnecting the fluid couplers 54 from secondary medication bags toreceptacles molded into platen 42, the fluid couplers may otherwise beconnected through respective elastomeric gaskets which normally seal theends of fluid tubes that are molded into the manifold 216.

More particularly, manifold 216 includes a common fluid tube 218. Oneend of common fluid tube 218 is sized to receive a section of a main IVfluid line 220 which communicates with the primary medication bag. Theopposite end of common fluid tube 218 has an elastomeric gasket 221sealed thereacross. A plurality of (e.g. three) secondary fluid tubes222-1, 222-2 and 222-3 are connected at first ends thereof in fluidcommunication with common fluid tube 218. The opposite ends of secondaryfluid tubes 222-1, 222-2 and 222-3 are sealed by elastomeric gaskets(designated 22) in FIG. 25). Surrounding and supporting the common andsecondary fluid tubes is a relatively rigid, molded plastic manifoldplate 224. Pairs of locking perforations 226 are formed through manifoldplate 224 adjacent the normally sealed ends of each of the fluid tubesthereof. Locking perforations 226 perform the same function as theperforations 104 previously described when referring to FIGS. 3 and 6.Therefore, a fluid coupler 54 associated with the IV catheter assemblycan be fluidically connected at the sealing gasket 221 of the commonfluid tube 218 and fluid couplers 54-1, 54-2 and 54-3 associated withthe secondary fluid lines 72-74 of respective secondary medication bags(designated 56-58 in FIG. 2) can be fluidically connected at the sealinggaskets of the secondary fluid tubes 221-1, 222-2, and 222-3.

By way of example, FIG. 25 illustrates the connection of thequick-disconnect fluid coupler 54-1 associated with secondary fluid line72 to the sealing gasket 221 affixed to the secondary fluid tube 222-1of manifold 216 so that fluid from a secondary medication bag (56 inFIG. 2) can be supplied to the IV catheter assembly via common fluidtube 218. That is, the locking fingers 98-1 of coupler 54-1 are rotatedthrough respective locking perforations 226 at manifold plate 224, andthe fluid cannula 102-1 is received at the interior of fluid tube 222-1through sealing gasket 221.

FIGS. 26-31 of the drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment for thesafety IV catheter assembly 46 which, as is shown in the IV system ofFIG. 2, includes means by which to make a veni puncture through thepatient's tissue so that fluid supplied to assembly 46 by way of themain IV fluid line 48 can be delivered to the patient. As shown in theas-packaged configuration of FIG. 26, catheter assembly 46 includes ahollow, tubular body 228 that is preferably formed from a soft, flexiblematerial, such as vinyl, or the like. Catheter assembly 46 also includesa trocar 230 of solid cross section having a sharp tip by which topenetrate the patient's tissue. The sharp tip of trocar 230 issurrounded by a removable shield 232 to prevent an accidental needlestick at the loss of sterility. A trocar wire 234 extends longitudinallythrough the tubular body 228 of catheter assembly 46 so as to enable thetrocar 230 to be removed from assembly 46 in a manner that will bedescribed in greater detail hereinafter. The trocar wire 234, which ischaracterized by a relatively narrow diameter relative to trocar 230, isbonded at one end thereof to trocar 230 and at the opposite end to amanually accessible terminal cap 238.

Coaxially aligned with and surrounding trocar 230 at the distal end ofcatheter assembly 46 is a flexible (e.g. polymer) catheter cannula 240Catheter cannula 240 communicates fluidically with the tubular body 228of catheter assembly 46 so that fluid from the primary and secondarymedication bags can be delivered to the patient after the trocar 230first makes a veni puncture and then is removed from assembly 46. Tothis end, a disposable safety housing 242, into which trocar 230 can bewithdrawn, is detachably connected to the proximal end of catheterassembly 46. A hollow receptacle 244 is attached (e.g. glued) to one endof safety housing 242 within which the proximal end of catheter assembly46 is removably received By way of example, the hollow receptacle 244may have a flexible, expansible body, such as that common to awell-known bellows. A gasket 246, formed from a self-sealing elastomericmaterial, is positioned across the proximal end of catheter assembly 46and sized to be received in a snap-fit engagement with the receptacle244 of safety housing 242.

A gripping head 248 having suitable finger gripping grooves extendingtherearound is attached (e.g. glued) to the end of safety housing 242opposite that at which receptacle 244 is located. Gripping head 248includes a recessed pocket 250 formed therein which, as is best shown inFIG. 27, is aligned at an angle (designated θ) with respect to alongitudinal axis of catheter assembly 46. A narrow channel 252 isaxially aligned and communicates with pocket 250. Located at theinterface of pocket 250 and channel 252 is an elastomeric trocar guide254. The advantage of aligning pocket 250 and channel 252 at an angle(relative to the longitudinal axis of catheter assembly 46) and thepurpose of trocar guide 254 will be disclosed in greater detail whenreferring to FIGS. 28-30. Nevertheless, in the as-packaged configurationof FIG. 26, the trocar Wire 234 extends through catheter assembly 46between trocar 230 and terminal cap 238 via tubular body 228, gasket 246and the receptacle 244, pocket 250 and channel 252 of detachable safetyhousing 242.

Catheter assembly 46 also includes a pair of flexible stabilizing wings256 which extend outwardly and in opposite directions from the tubularbody 228 of said assembly. The wings 256 provide stabilization forcatheter assembly 46 and prevent a premature removal of the cathetercannula 240 from the vein of the patient. A hollow push-in port 258communicates fluidically with tubular body 228 so that additionalsupplies of medication may be delivered to the patient from aconventional syringe, or the like, by way of cannula 240. Push-in port258 is closed in the as-packaged configuration by means of a needlepenetrable elastomeric seal 260. The proximal end of catheter assembly46 terminates at a relatively wide terminal plate 261. A pair ofparallel aligned locking perforations 262 are formed through terminalplate 261, whereby the tubular body 228 of catheter assembly 46 can becoupled to the main IV fluid line after trocar 230 has been withdrawn tosafety housing 242 and said safety housing has been detached fromassembly 46 (best shown in FIG. 31).

The operation of the safety catheter assembly 46 is now described whilereferring to FIGS. 28-31 of the drawings. In FIG. 28, the sharp trocar230 has made a veni puncture through the patient's tissue and thecatheter cannula 240 is located within the patient's vein. The outwardlyextending wings 256 are taped to the patient's skin to prevent theremoval of cannula 240. As previously described, the safety housing 242is detachably connected at the proximal end of catheter assembly 46, andtrocar wire 234 extends continuously from trocar 230 to terminal cap 238via the tubular body 238 of assembly 46 and safety housing 242.

In FIG. 29, the trocar 230 is removed from the patient's tissue andwithdrawn into the safety housing 242. More particularly, and referringconcurrently to FIGS. 26, 27 and 29, after the veni puncture is made andthe cannula 240 properly located, the terminal cap 238 is pulled in aproximal direction (as indicated by the reference arrow of FIG. 29).Inasmuch as trocar 230 is connected to terminal cap 238 by trocar wire234, a proximal pulling force applied to terminal cap 238 causes acorresponding proximal relocation of trocar 230 through catheterassembly 46. That is, trocar 230 is pulled proximally through tubularbody 228 and gasket 246 for receipt within the safety housing 242.

As is best shown in FIG. 27, the proximal pulling force is applied toterminal cap 238 until the trocar 230 (shown in phantom) is withdrawnfrom the distal end of catheter assembly 46 and received within therecessed pocket 250 formed in the gripping head 248 of safety housing242. The narrow channel 252, which communicates with pocket 250, issized to permit the relatively thin trocar wire 234 to be pulledtherethrough. However, the size (i.e. diameter) of channel 252 isselected so as to be too small to permit the relatively thick trocar 230to pass therethrough, such that trocar 230 will be captured withinpocket 250.

The angled alignment of pocket 250 will inhibit the trocar 230 frombeing pushed distally through catheter assembly 46 after trocar 230 hasbeen pulled proximally into safety housing 242. That is, the angledorientation of pocket 250 and the inclusion of trocar guide 254therewithin will cause trocar 230 to be canted towards the side ofsafety housing 242 and out of alignment with the tubular body 228 ofcatheter assembly 46. Moreover, safety housing 242 may be provided withan inwardly flared forward end (best shown in FIG. 26) to further reducethe ability of trocar 230 to be inadvertently returned to theas-packaged configuration at the distal end of assembly 46.

In FIG. 30, the safety housing 242 is detached from the proximal end ofcatheter assembly 46 to be discarded with the trocar 23 safely shieldedand rendered inaccessible therewithin so as to prevent an accidentalneedle stick and the possible spread of infectious disease. Moreparticularly, by applying a proximal pulling force to safety housing 242(in the direction of the reference arrow of FIG. 30), the extensiblereceptacle 244 thereof (best shown in FIG. 26) can be expanded and thensnapped out of engagement with the gasket 246 that is sealed across theproximal end of assembly 46. Safety housing 242 advantageouslyeliminates the need to handle the trocar 230 and shields health careworkers and other patients from exposure to possibly contaminated blood,as might otherwise occur if the trocar were to be pulled out of thecatheter assembly in an unshielded condition, as is common toconventional IV systems.

When safety housing 242 is detached from catheter assembly 46, theaforementioned elastomeric gasket 246 performs the important function ofinterrupting flood flashback. That is to say, the self-sealingcharacteristic of gasket 246 will automatically close the puncture woundthat is formed therein when the trocar wire 234 and trocar 230 arepulled through said gasket. Hence, any blood which rushes from thepatient's vein through catheter cannula 240 and flexible body 228 willbe blocked at the proximal end of catheter assembly 46 by gasket 246 soas to prevent health care workers and other patients from being exposedto possibly contaminated blood, another problem that is common toconventional IV systems.

In FIG. 31, a fluid tube (e.g. the main IV fluid line 48 of FIG. 2) isconnected to catheter assembly 46 to complete a fluid path from one ormore medication bags to the catheter cannula 240. Fluid tube 48 includesa quick-disconnect fluid coupler 51, such as that which was previouslydisclosed when referring to FIG. 6. Fluid coupler 54 has a pair oflocking fingers 98 that are rotated through respective lockingperforations 262 formed in the terminal plate 261 at the proximal end ofassembly 46. Coupler 54 also has a fluid cannula (102 in FIG. 6) that isinserted through the previously described elastomeric gasket (246 inFIG. 26) so as to communicate fluidically with the tubular body 228 ofcatheter assembly 46.

FIGS. 32-37 of the drawings illustrate a safety IV catheter assembly 265that is formed in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the presentinvention. Referring concurrently to FIGS. 32-34, the catheter assembly265 is shown in the as-packaged configuration including a sharp trocar266 of solid cross-section to make a veni puncture through the patient'stissue and a flexible catheter cannula 268 surrounding trocar 266 incoaxial alignment therewith. Trocar 266 is bonded to a manually operabletrocar position control button 270. Position control button 270 isreceived within and slidable through an elongated track 272 that isformed within a disposable, molded plastic safety housing 274. As willsoon be described when referring to FIG. 35, position control button 270is movable rearwardly through track 270 to relocate trocar 266 from anaxially extended position (as shown), at which to penetrate thepatient's tissue, to a retracted position, at which the trocar iscompletely surrounded and shielded within a longitudinally extendingchannel 276 of safety housing 274.

Safety housing 274 includes an integral circular flange 277 that issnap-fit within and movable through a corresponding groove formed in aflat wing base 278 (best shown in FIG. 34), such that housing 274 can berotated relative to said wing base. Coextensively formed with andextending in opposite directions from wing base 278 is a pair offlexible stabilizing wings 280 that are to be taped to the patient'sskin so as to prevent a premature removal of cannula 268 from thepatient's vein. Safety housing 274 also includes a laterally extendingflow path 282 that is molded therewithin and, in the as-packagedconfiguration of FIGS. 32-34 is arranged in substantially perpendicularalignment with catheter cannula 268 and a flexible fluid tube 284 thatis to be fluidically coupled to one or more of the medication bags fromthe IV system shown in FIG. 2. Thus, in the as-packaged configuration,flow path 282 is positioned to interrupt the flow of fluid between fluidtube 284 and cannula 268. However, and as will be disclosed in greaterdetail hereinafter, safety housing 274 may be rotated relative to wingbase 278 from the as-packaged configuration to an active configuration,at which fluid path 282 will be aligned with cannula 268 and fluid tube284 so as to complete the fluid path between the medication bags andsaid cannula.

As will also be disclosed in greater detail hereinafter, the safetyhousing 274 is adapted to be detached from wing base 278 after thetrocar 266 has been retracted into the channel 276 thereof and housing274 has been rotated to the active configuration. To this end, thesafety housing 274 is provided with a pair of narrow, laterallyextending slits 286 at which to establish a weakened area of reducedcross-section so as to permit housing 274 to be fractured thereat andremoved from catheter assembly 265 for disposal.

The operation of catheter assembly 265 is now described while referringto FIGS. 35-37. In FIG. 35, the sharp trocar 266 has made a venipuncture through the patient's tissue to locate the catheter cannula 268within a vein of the patient. The safety housing 274 is initially in theas-packaged configuration with the laterally extending flow path 282thereof positioned to block the flow of fluid between cannula 268 andfluid tube 284, so as to prevent blood backflash.

In order to retract the trocar 266 into safety housing 274, a pushingforce is applied to the trocar position control button 270 in thedirection indicated by reference arrow 288. Accordingly, positioncontrol button 270 is moved rearwardly through the elongated track 272in safety housing 274. The rearward movement of control button 270through track 272 causes a corresponding movement of trocar 266 into thelongitudinally extending channel 276 within housing 274. A lockingdetent 290 is formed at the end of track 272 for receipt of the positioncontrol button 270 so as to prevent both a forward movement of saidbutton through track 272 and an inadvertent return of trocar 266 to theas-packaged configuration of FIGS. 35-37. Accordingly, with controlbutton 270 moved to and retained in locking detent 290, the trocar 266will be completely, shielded and rendered inaccessible within thechannel 276 of safety housing 274.

In FIG. 36, after the trocar position control button 270 has been movedrearwardly through track 272 for receipt within the locking detent (290in FIG. 35) and trocar 266 has been retracted into the channel (276 inFIG. 35) of safety housing 274, said housing is rotated 90 degreesaround wing base 278 to the active configuration. Hence, the laterallyextending fluid path 282 through safety housing 274 is rotated intoalignment with fluid tube 284 and catheter cannula 268 to complete aflow path therebetween.

In FIG. 37, an upward bending force is applied to the safety housing271, into which trocar 266 has been retracted, so as to break saidhousing at the weakened area thereof formed between the pair of slits(286 in FIG. 36). Thus, housing 274 may be detached from catheterassembly 265 and safely discarded without handling the trocar 266.Accordingly, an accidental needle stick and the possible spread ofinfectious disease are advantageously avoided. The remainder of thecatheter assembly 265 is unaffected by the detachment and disposal ofsafety housing 274, so that fluid can be delivered from the medicationbags of the IV system of FIG. 2 to the patient via fluid tube 284, flowpath 282 and catheter cannula 268.

It will be apparent that while a preferred embodiment of the inventionhas been shown and described, various modifications and changes may bemade without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention.Having thus set forth the embodiments of the present invention, what isclaimed is:

We claim:
 1. A catheter assembly to deliver fluid from a fluid source toa patient, said catheter assembly having distal and proximal ends andcomprising:trocar means located at the distal end of said catheterassembly and having a solid cross-section and a sharpened tip by whichto make a veni puncture through the patient's tissue; a hollow cannulasurrounding said trocar means and fluidically coupled to the fluidsource to deliver fluid from said source to the patient after the venipuncture has been made by said trocar means; a safety housing detachablyconnected at the proximal end of said catheter assembly; and meansinterconnected with said trocar means to relocate said trocar meansproximally relative to said cannula from the patient's tissue to saidsafety housing so that said housing can be detached from said catheterassembly and discarded with said trocar means shielded therewithin toavoid accidental contact with the sharpened tip thereof.
 2. The catheterassembly recited in claim 1, wherein said means to relocate said trocarmeans includes an elongated trocar wire connected to said trocar meansand adapted to be pulled proximally to relocate said trocar means fromthe patient's tissue to said detachable safety housing.
 3. The catheterassembly recited in claim 2, wherein said detachable safety housingincludes a channel through which said trocar wire is pulled to relocatesaid trocar means, said channel being aligned at an angle relative tothe longitudinal axis of said safety housing.
 4. The catheter assemblyrecited in claim 1, further comprising a receptacle formed at one of theproximal end of said catheter assembly or said safety housing forremovably receiving the other of said proximal end or said safetyhousing by which said safety housing is detachably connected to saidcatheter assembly.
 5. The catheter assembly recited in claim 1, whereinsaid means to relocate said trocar means includes a position controlbutton interconnected with said trocar means and slidable proximallyrelative to said catheter assembly to relocate said trocar means fromthe patient's tissue to said safety housing.
 6. The catheter assemblyrecited in claim 5, further comprising a longitudinally extending trackthrough which said position control button is moved for correspondinglyrelocating said trocar means from the patient's tissue to said safetyhousing.
 7. The catheter assembly recited in claim 1, further comprisinga breakable area at which said safety housing is detachably connected tosaid catheter assembly, such that the application of a bending force tosaid safety housing will cause said safety housing to break away fromsaid assembly at said breakable area.
 8. The catheter assembly recitedin claim 1, further comprising a flow path fluidically connected betweensaid cannula and said fluid source and means by which to displace saidflow path relative to said cannula so as to interrupt the fluidconnection between said cannula and said source and thereby preventblood backflash through said fluid path.
 9. The catheter assemblyrecited in claim 8, wherein said flow path between said cannula and thefluid source is carried by said safety housing, said safety housingbeing rotatable relative to said cannula to displace said flow path andthereby interrupt the fluid connection between said cannula and saidfluid source and prevent blood backflash through said fluid path.
 10. Acatheter assembly to deliver fluid from a fluid source to a patient,said catheter assembly comprising:hollow cannula means to penetrate thepatient's tissue; flow path means fluidically connected between saidcannula means and the fluid source so as to deliver fluid to the patientin a first direction through said flow path means; and means by which todisplace said flow path means relative to said cannula means so as toblock the fluid connection between said cannula means and the fluidsource and thereby prevent blood backflash from said patient in anopposite direction through said flow path means.
 11. The catheterassembly recited in claim 10, wherein said flow path means is rotatablerelative to said cannula means to block the fluid connection betweensaid cannula means and the fluid source.
 12. The catheter assemblyrecited in claim 10, further comprising:trocar means having a sharpenedtip by which to make a veni puncture through the patient's tissuethrough which said cannula means is inserted; a safety housing; andmeans interconnected with said trocar means to retract said trocar meansfrom the patient's tissue to said safety housing at which said trocarmeans is shielded to prevent accidental contact with the sharpened tipthereof.
 13. The catheter assembly recited in claim 12, wherein saidflow path means extends through said safety housing, said safety housingbeing rotatable relative to said cannula means so as to thereby displacesaid flow path means and interrupt the fluid connection between saidcannula means and the fluid source to prevent blood backflash throughsaid flow path means.
 14. The catheter assembly recited in claim 12,wherein said safety housing is detachably connected to said catheterassembly, so that said safety housing can be detached from said assemblyand discarded after said trocar means has been retracted into saidsafety housing.
 15. The catheter assembly recited in claim 14, whereinsaid safety housing is detachably connected to said catheter assembly ata breakable area, such that the application of a bending force to saidsafety housing will cause said safety housing to break away from saidassembly at said breakable area.
 16. The catheter assembly recited inclaim 1, further comprising at least one slit located between saidsafety housing and said catheter assembly to establish a weakened areaat which to permit said safety housing to be fractured and detached fromsaid catheter assembly for disposal.
 17. A catheter assembly to deliverfluid from a fluid source to a patient, said catheter assembly havingdistal and proximal ends and comprising:trocar means located at thedistal end of said catheter assembly and having a sharpened tip by whichto make a veni puncture through the patient's tissue; means fluidicallycoupled to the fluid source to deliver fluid from said source to thepatient after the veni puncture has been made by said trocar means; asafety housing detachably connected at the proximal end of said catheterassembly; and an elongated wire connected at one end thereof to saidtrocar means and adapted to be pulled proximally so as to relocate saidtrocar means from the patient's tissue to said safety housing so thatsaid housing can be detached from said catheter assembly and discardedwith said trocar means shielded therewithin to avoid accidental contactwith the sharpened tip thereof.